A new study reveals that dogs can recognize their person by voice alone, and they make use of some of the same voice properties as humans do. 

Sure, our dogs recognize us. But are they capable of recognizing us just by our voices? To find out, researchers at the Department of Ethology, ELTE, Hungary, invited 28 dog-human pairs to play hide-and-seek in the lab. Dogs had to find their owner behind one of two hiding places while a stranger hid behind the other one. They played the owner’s voice from the owner’s hiding place, and a stranger’s voice from the other hiding place, both reading out recipes in a neutral tone. The dogs’ task was to choose from a distance and find their owners. The game had multiple rounds and the owner’s voice was paired with 14 different strangers’ voices, some more similar to the owner’s voice, some more different.

Dogs found their owner in 82% of the cases. To make sure that smells did not help dogs here, in the last two rounds the researchers played the owner’s voice from where the stranger hid, and the dogs still went for the voice showing that they did not use their nose in this task.

What is it about voices that dogs recognize?

The researchers also explored what exactly in the voices helped dogs to choose. “People mostly make use of three properties: pitch (higher or lower), noisiness (cleaner or harsher), and timbre (brighter or darker) to differentiate others,” explains Anna Gábor, lead author of the study. „Dogs may make use of the same voice properties or different ones. If two voices differ in a property that matters for dogs, decisions should be easier.” The time dogs looked in the direction of the owner’s voice while waiting for the sign to go showed how sure they were in their decisions. It turned out that if  the owner’s and the stranger’s voice differed more in pitch and noisiness it helped dogs to recognize their owners voice, but timbre and other sound properties did not.

This is the first demonstration that dogs can tell apart their owner’s voice from many others,” says Andics Attila, leader of the Neuroethology of Communication Lab, where this study was conducted. “The study also shows that dogs make use of some, but only some of the same voice properties as humans do to recognize who is talking.”

This study was published on the 10th of February in Animal Cognition titled “The acoustic bases of human voice identity processing in dogs”, written by Anna Gábor, Noémi Kaszás, Tamás Faragó, Paula Pérez Fraga, Melinda Lovas and Attila Andics. This research was funded by the Eötvös Loránd University, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Lendület programme), the European Research Council (ERC), the Eötvös Loránd Research Network, the Ministry for Innovation and Technology via the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund.